Media & Publishing / Circulation
Circulation & Print+Digital Bundle Counting ~ (aliases: paid circulation, qualified circulation, verified circulation, bundle subscriptions)
How many copies a publication "sells", and the thorny question of how a single reader who gets both print and digital is counted.
The fork, why two teams get different numbers
PAID vs VERIFIED/QUALIFIED circulation (AAM audit terms): paid circulation requires a subscriber pay at least a set threshold of the basic rate; verified/ qualified/analyzed-nonpaid copies are distributed (sometimes free) and audited separately.
In the Metric Library
- The full fork, both definitions worked all the way through
- The trap that makes the number lie, on a real export
- Every formula variant, spelled out
- The reconciliation anchor, what to tie it to and when to refuse
Reference: Alliance for Audited Media (AAM) circulation audit rules (reference); publisher circulation practice